Lithium Mining Market Forecast, Trend Analysis & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031

Publish Date: Oct 2021

Report Code: FMI998A

Publisher: Future Markets Insights

Single User License: $5000

Explore Our Services

Already a member? Login here.

Report Highlights

A recent market study published by Future Market Insights (FMI) on the lithium mining market includes global industry analysis for 2016-2020 & opportunity assessment for 2021-2031 and delivers a comprehensive assessment of the most important market dynamics. After conducting thorough research on the historical and current growth parameters of the lithium mining market, the growth prospects of the market are obtained with maximum precision.

Lithium Mining Market: Taxonomy

The global lithium mining market is segmented in detail to cover every aspect of the market and present complete market intelligence to the reader.

By Source

  • Brine
  • Hard Rock
  • Others

By Type

  • Lithium Carbonate
  • Lithium Hydroxide

By Application

  • Battery
  • Ceramics and Glass
  • Lubricants & Grease
  • Polymer
  • Flux Powder
  • Refrigeration
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
  • Latin America
  • Europe
  • East Asia
  • South Asia & Pacific
  • MEA

Report Chapters:-

Chapter 01 – Executive Summary

The report initiates with the executive summary of the lithium mining market, which includes a summary of key findings and statistics of the market. It also includes the demand side & supply side trends about the lithium mining market along with technology roadmap.

Chapter 02 – Market Overview

Readers can find the definition and a detailed taxonomy of the lithium mining market in this chapter, which will help them understand basic information about the market. Along with this, comprehensive information pertaining to Lithium Mining is provided in this section. This section also highlights the inclusions and exclusions, which help readers understand the scope of the lithium mining market report.

Chapter 03 – Key Market Trends

The lithium mining market report provides the key market trends and developments that are expected to significantly impact the market growth during the forecast period.

Chapter 04 – Key Success Factors

The lithium mining market report provides key factors that are expected to support the market growth over the forecast period. This section includes the factors that have emerged as key successful factors and strategies adopted by key market participants.

Chapter 05 – Global Lithium Mining Market Demand Analysis 2016-2020 and Forecast, 2021-2031

This section explains the global market volume analysis and forecast for the lithium mining market in the forecast period of 2021-2031.

Chapter 06 – Global Lithium Mining Market – Pricing Analysis

This section provides the pricing analysis for lithium mining on the basis of source. Weighted Average Price has also been provided in this chapter.

Chapter 07 – Global Lithium Mining Market Demand (in Value or Size in US$ Mn) Analysis 2016-2020 and Forecast, 2021-2031

This section explains the global market value analysis or market size and forecast for the lithium mining market in the forecast period of 2021-2031. Readers can also find the absolute $ opportunity for the current year (2021), and an incremental $ opportunity for the forecast period (2021-2031).

Chapter 08 – Market Background

This chapter explains key macro-economic factors that are expected to influence the growth of the lithium mining market over the forecast period. This section also covers COVID-19 Impact assessment for the global market. Along with the macroeconomic factors, this section also highlights the value chain, and forecast factors for the lithium mining market. Moreover, in-depth information about the market dynamics and their impact analysis on the market have been provided in the successive section.

Chapter 09 – Global Lithium Mining Market Analysis 2016-2020 & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031, by Source

Based on source, the lithium mining market is segmented into brine, hard rock and others.

Chapter 10 – Global Lithium Mining Market Analysis 2016-2020 & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031, by Type

Based on type, the lithium mining market is segmented into lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide.

Chapter 11 – Global Lithium Mining Market Analysis 2016-2020 & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031, by Application

Based on application, the lithium mining market is segmented into batteries, glass & ceramics, lubricant & grease, polymer, flux powder, refrigeration and others.

Chapter 12 – Global Lithium Mining Market Analysis 2016-2020 & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031, by Region

This chapter explains how the lithium mining market will grow across several geographic regions such as North America, Latin America, Europe, East Asia, South Asia & Pacific and Middle East & Africa.

Chapter 13 – North America Lithium Mining Market Analysis 2016-2020 & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the North America lithium mining market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes the U.S. and Canada. Readers can also find the pricing analysis, regional trends, and market growth based on application and countries in North America.

Chapter 14 – Latin America Lithium Mining Market Analysis 2016-2020 & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031

This chapter provides the growth scenario of the lithium mining market in Latin America countries such as Brazil, Mexico and the Rest of Latin America. Along with this, an assessment of the market across target segments has been provided.

Chapter 15 – Europe Lithium Mining Market Analysis 2016-2020 & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031

Important growth prospects of the lithium mining market based on its sales channel in several countries such as Germany, Italy, France, the U.K., Russia, Poland, Spain, BENELUX, and the Rest of Europe are included in this chapter.

Chapter 16 – East Asia Lithium Mining Market Analysis 2016-2020 & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031

Important growth prospects of the lithium mining market based on its applications in several countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea are included in this chapter.

Chapter 17 – South Asia & Pacific Lithium Mining Market Analysis 2016-2020 & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031

This chapter highlights the growth of the lithium mining market in South Asia & Pacific by focusing on India, ASEAN, Australia, and Rest of South Asia & Pacific. This section also helps readers understand the key factors that are responsible for the growth of the lithium mining market in South Asia & Pacific.

This chapter highlights the growth of the lithium mining market in Middle East & Africa by focusing on GCC Countries, Turkey, Northern Africa South Africa and Rest of MEA. This section also helps readers understand the key factors that are responsible for the growth of the lithium mining market in Middle East.

Chapter 18 – Key and Emerging Countries Lithium Mining Market Analysis

Important growth prospects of the lithium mining market for the key and emerging countries are included in this chapter. This chapter helps the reader to under the country wise scenario of the lithium mining market.

Chapter 19 – Market Structure Analysis

In this chapter, readers can find detailed information about the tier analysis and market concentration of key players in the lithium mining market, along with their market presence analysis by region and product portfolio.

Chapter 20 – Competition Landscape

In this chapter, readers can find a comprehensive list of all the prominent stakeholders in the lithium mining market, along with detailed information about each company, which includes company overview, revenue shares, strategic overview, and recent company developments. The market players featured in the report include Albemarle, Ganfeng Lithium, Livent, Nemaska Lithium, Orocobre limited, Sichuan Tianqi Lithium Industries, SQM and Lithium Americas Corp.

Chapter 21 – Assumptions and Acronyms

This chapter includes a list of acronyms and assumptions that provides a base to the information and statistics included in the lithium mining market report. Further, the forecast values of the report has also been compared with the old forecast values.

Chapter 22 – Research Methodology

This chapter helps readers understand the research methodology followed to obtain various conclusions as well as important qualitative and quantitative information about the lithium mining market.

Sources and Primary Research Splits (%)

Industry Interactions:-

Key Designations

  • C - Level Executives
  • Marketing Directors
  • Product Managers
  • Business Development Officers
  • Production Managers
  • Procurement Heads
  • Sales Executives

Stakeholder Source

  • Distributors
  • Traders
  • Raw Material Suppliers
  • Industry Experts

Key Questions:-

  • Current market dynamics and challenges
  • Market trends
  • Market characteristics
  • Market performance and growth quadrants
  • Competition structure and market structure
  • Strategic growth initiatives
  • Near-term and long-term market growth prospects
  • Market segment splits and authenticity
  • Opinions on market projections and validity of assumptions

References Catalogue:-

  • Factiva
  • Company Press Releases
  • Annual Reports and Investor Presentations
  • Research Papers
  • Government Websites and Publications
  • Trade Websites
  • Table 1 : Global Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Source, 2016–2031
  • Table 2 : Global Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Type, 2016–2031
  • Table 3 : Global Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Application, 2016–2031
  • Table 4 : Global Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Region, 2016–2031
  • Table 5 : North America Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Country, 2016–2031
  • Table 6 : North America Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Source, 2016–2031
  • Table 7 : North America Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Type, 2016–2031
  • Table 8 : North America Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Application, 2016–2031
  • Table 9 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Country, 2016–2031
  • Table 10 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Source, 2016–2031
  • Table 11 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Type, 2016–2031
  • Table 12 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Application, 2016–2031
  • Table 13 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Country, 2016–2031
  • Table 14 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Source, 2016–2031
  • Table 15 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Type, 2016–2031
  • Table 16 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Application, 2016–2031
  • Table 17 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Country, 2016–2031
  • Table 18 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Source, 2016–2031
  • Table 19 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Type, 2016–2031
  • Table 20 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Application, 2016–2031
  • Table 21 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Country, 2016–2031
  • Table 22 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Source, 2016–2031
  • Table 23 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Type, 2016–2031
  • Table 24 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Application, 2016–2031
  • Table 25 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Country, 2016–2031
  • Table 26 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Source, 2016–2031
  • Table 27 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Type, 2016–2031
  • Table 28 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Size Volume (KT) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast By Application, 2016–2031
  • Figure 1 : Global Lithium Mining Market Historical, Current and Forecast Volume (Kilo Tons), 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 2 : Global Lithium Mining Market Historical, Current and Forecast Value (US$ Mn), 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 3 : Global Lithium Mining Market Incremental $ Opportunity (US$ Mn), 2021 - 2031
  • Figure 4 : Global Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Source– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 5 : Global Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Source, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 6 : Global Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Source, 2021-2031
  • Figure 7 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Brine Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 8 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Hard Rock Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 9 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Others Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 10 : Global Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Type– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 11 : Global Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Type, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 12 : Global Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type, 2021-2031
  • Figure 13 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Lithium Carbonate Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 14 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Lithium Hydroxide Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 15 : Global Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Application– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 16 : Global Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Application, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 17 : Global Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application, 2021-2031
  • Figure 18 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Batteries Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 19 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Ceramics and Glass Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 20 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Lubricants and Grease Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 21 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Polymer Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 22 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Flux Powder Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 23 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Refrigeration Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 24 : Global Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Region– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 25 : Global Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Region, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 26 : Global Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region, 2021-2031
  • Figure 27 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by North America Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 28 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Latin America Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 29 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Europe Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 30 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by East Asia Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 31 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by South Asia Pacific Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 32 : Global Lithium Mining Market Absolute $ Opportunity by Segment, 2016-2031
  • Figure 33 : North America Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Country– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 34 : North America Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 35 : North America Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 36 : North America Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Source– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 37 : North America Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Source, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 38 : North America Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Source, 2021-2031
  • Figure 39 : North America Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Type– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 40 : North America Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Type, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 41 : North America Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type, 2021-2031
  • Figure 42 : North America Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Application– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 43 : North America Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Application, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 44 : North America Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application, 2021-2031
  • Figure 45 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Country– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 46 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 47 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 48 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Source– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 49 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Source, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 50 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Type– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 51 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Type, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 52 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type, 2021-2031
  • Figure 53 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Application– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 54 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Application, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 55 : Latin America Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application, 2021-2031
  • Figure 56 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Country– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 57 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Country, 2020 - 20316
  • Figure 58 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 59 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Source– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 60 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Source, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 61 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Source, 2021-2031
  • Figure 62 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Type– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 63 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Type, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 64 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type, 2021-2031
  • Figure 65 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Application– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 66 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Application, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 67 : Europe Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application, 2021-2031
  • Figure 68 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Country– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 69 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 70 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 71 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Source– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 72 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Source, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 73 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Source, 2021-2031
  • Figure 74 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Type– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 75 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Type, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 76 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type, 2021-2031
  • Figure 77 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Application– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 78 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Application, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 79 : East Asia Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application, 2021-2031
  • Figure 80 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Country– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 81 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 82 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 83 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Source– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 84 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Source, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 85 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Source, 2021-2031
  • Figure 86 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Type– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 87 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Type, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 88 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type, 2021-2031
  • Figure 89 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Application– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 90 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Application, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 91 : South Asia Pacific Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application, 2021-2031
  • Figure 92 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Country– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 93 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 94 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Projections By Country, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 95 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Source– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 96 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Source, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 97 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Source, 2021-2031
  • Figure 98 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Type– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 99 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Type, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 100 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Type, 2021-2031
  • Figure 101 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Share and BPS Analysis By Application– 2021 & 2031
  • Figure 102 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Y-o-Y Growth Projections By Application, 2020 - 2031
  • Figure 103 : MEA Lithium Mining Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application, 2021-2031

Future Market Insights is the premier provider of market intelligence and consulting services, serving client in over 160 countries. FMI is headquartered in London, the global financial capital and has delivery centers in the U.S. and India. FMI's research and consulting services help businesses around the globe navigate the challenges in a rapidly evolving marketplace with confidence and clarity. Our customized and syndicated market research reports deliver actionable insights that drive sustainable growth. We continuously track emerging trends and events in a broad range of end industries to ensure that our clients prepare for the evolving needs of their customers. FMI's team of over 200 research analysts provides market intelligence at global, regional, and country levels. Our analysts are committed to provide independent insights, relying on our cognitive training modules, which conditions them to look at data objectively and unbiasedly. Others you can use from the file Allen just shared when those will be made live.

Become A Member

BCC Research offers a comprehensive library of reports, granting members unlimited access to data, insights, and market intelligence for informed business decisions, while actively supporting members in their evolving journeys and prioritizing high-quality, relevant topics based on continuous engagement with the research community.

Find Out More

Custom Consulting

BCC Research emphasizes the importance of organizations leveraging highly customized market insights aligned with specific strategic business objectives through direct engagement with primary sources and proprietary forecasting models for profitable decision-making in maximizing growth opportunities and minimizing risks.

Customize Now

Scorecard

The Venture Scorecard provides commercialization offices and decision makers with expert analysis, offering strategic insights crucial for aligning objectives with market realities at various stages of commercializing new products or evaluating investment opportunities, from opportunity assessment to growth planning.

Find Out More

Innovation Spotlight

Our industry experts offer strategic guidance to maximize the market potential of commercialized products, patents, and IP by providing insights into market trends, competitive dynamics, and effective positioning, using the Innovation Spotlight service for enhanced exposure to thought leaders and the wider community.

Find Out More
Lithium Mining Market Forecast, Trend Analysis & Opportunity Assessment 2021-2031